两耳分听汉字测验中大脑机能优势加工的超日节律效应

对３２名听力正常的大学生被试在日间进行连续８ｈ汉语单字词两耳分听测验,以检查大脑两半球加工汉字语音机能优势的时间性动态变化。结果发现：①所有被试左、右耳正确报告的词数未见有明显的周期性波动;②有１２例被试左、右耳正确占先报告词数的优势比出现了周期约为３ｈ的超日节律;③女性被试的平均节律周期长度明显长于男性。结果提示,大脑两半球控制的分听语词加工过程在部分被试中明显受到生物钟超日节律的调节。     

偏头痛患者颅内血管机能状态的研究

目的 :观察偏头痛患者颅内血管机能状态的变化 .方法 :采用经颅多普勒超声( TCD)技术 ,分别测定典型和普通型共 47例偏头痛病人发作期和间歇期脑动脉平均血流速度 ( Vm) .结果 :显示两型偏头痛的发作期和间歇期 Vm均显著或非常显著高于正常对照组 ,两型偏头痛比较无显著性差异 ,两期比较 Vm仅典型偏头痛的ACA、BA、VA有显著差异 .结论 :偏头痛患者存在脑血管机能异常     

芜湖市初中生大脑机能发育差异性的初步探讨

本文以芜湖市两所省属重点中学,一所市属重点中学,一所市区一般中学和一所市郊中学的部分初二学生的为对象,用８０．８神经类型测试表进行三种不同难度的测试结果表明,各类别学校学生之间存在着一定的大脑机能发育的差异性,并表现为不同的机能特点。     

Alzheimer's disease: fundamental and therapeutic aspects

Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of progressive and debilitating dementia affecting aged people. In some early — as well as late-onset familial cases, a genetic linkage with chromosomes 14, 21 (early-onset) or 19 (late-onset) has been indicated. Furthermore, a direct or indirect role has been attributed to normal or structurally altered amyloid -protein (concentrated in senile plaques) and/or excessively phosphorylated tau protein (located in neurofibrillary tangles). Degeneration of cholinergic neurons and concomitant impairment of cortical and hippocampal neurotransmission lead to cognitive and memory deficits. Several compounds are being tested in attempts to prevent and/or cure Alzheimer's disease, including tacrine, which has very modest efficacy in a sub-group of patients, and new acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Pilot experiments have also been launched using nerve growth factor (NGF) to prevent or stabilize the processes of cholinergic pathway degeneration. Alternatively, antioxidants, free radical scavengers and/or non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents may be screened as potential therapies for neurodegenerative diseases induced by multiple endogenous and/or exogenous factors. The recent use of transgenic mice, in parallel with other genetic, biochemical and neurobiological systems, in vivo and/or in vitro (cell cultures), should accelerate the discovery and development of specific drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.     

脑血管药理学与中药新药研究

目的:探讨脑血管药理学研究的必要性,及其中药在此方面的可能的优势.方法:通过对文献分析和我们研究体会,对此进行探讨.结果与结论:随着脑血管病发病率的日渐升高,对该类疾病的进行专门研究也为学术界所重视.脑血管病由于其解剖和病生理学独特性而不完全同于心血管病和神经系统疾病,它既具有心血管病的一般特性,又更具复杂性.目前针对性较强的脑血管疾病的药物不多,很大程度上与脑血管药理学研究的进展程度有关.药以其多成分多靶点作用的特点,将在脑血管病治疗扮演重要角色.     

八肽胆囊收缩素抗血清翻转针刺耐受的电生理学研究

动物整体水平研究证实，八肽胆囊收缩素抗血清（ＣＣＫ－ＡＳ）可翻转电针耐受，而ＣＣＫ－ＡＳ本身不影响基础痛阈。本文采用记录神经元放电的方法证明：脑室注射ＣＣＫ－ＡＳ能翻转对长时间电针产生耐受效应的大鼠丘脑束旁核痛兴奋神经元（ＰＥＮ）和痛抑制神经元（ＰＩＮ）的电活动，使电针镇痛效应重新出现。而脑室注射正常兔血清（ＮＲＳ）对产生电针耐受效应的ＰＥＮ和ＰＩＮ的电活动无影响。从细胞水平得到的这一结果与整体水平研究的证据相一致。提示，内源性ＣＣＫ－８参与电针耐受可能是电针镇痛受到拮抗的机制之一。这一发现同时为临床医学实践提供了进一步的依据。     

金鱼卵的皮层反应

金鱼卵皮层中有１～３排皮层小泡，后者有两类：一类是由电子致密物质组成的髓部，四周则为低电子致密物质所围；另一类是由多种电子致密物质组成，形态十分特殊。受精１０～２０ｓ，动物半球就有少量的皮层小泡发生胞吐作用，在其排出物的外面覆有少量细胞质。受精３０ｓ后，位于动物半球的皮层小泡开始大量地进行胞吐，并渐向植物半球传递，整个胞吐过程历时约２ｍｉｎ左右。受精３ｍｉｎ，卵表面开始修复，在此过程中卵表面微绒毛的形态发生急剧变化。Ｘ－射线微分析测试表明随受精质膜表面钙元素量有一明显变化，本文就它与皮层反应的关系进行了讨论     

数学神经网络（I）——神经网络的插值机理

定义了数学神经元与数学神经网络，讨论了数学神经网络的插值机理，设计了一类单输入单输出三层前向数学神经网络与双输入单输出四层前向数学神经网络，它们分别逼近给定的一元连续函数和二元连续函数到预定的精度。     

川芎嗪对缺氧缺糖损伤大脑皮层神经元的保护作用及初步机制研究

目的:研究川芎嗪(TMP)对缺氧缺糖(OGD)损伤大脑皮层神经元的保护作用,探讨TMP神经保护作用的可能机制.方法:建立体外原代大脑皮层神经元OGD模型,利用MTT法和LDH试剂盒分别检测细胞存活率及细胞毒性;Hoechst染色法检测细胞凋亡;流式细胞仪检测细胞内ROS的含量;实时-PCR检测细胞内线粒体生物合成相关mRAN(PGC-1α,TFAM)的表达量.结果:经OGD损伤4 h后,细胞活力明显下降,细胞释放的LDH含量升高;细胞凋亡形态学特征明显,细胞凋亡率增加;细胞内ROS含量增加,同时PGC-1α和TFAM mRNA的表达量明显减少.TMP预保护后,可以明显提高OGD损伤后细胞的存活率,降低LDH的释放,改善细胞核形态变化,并且减少细胞凋亡率,抑制细胞内ROS的产生,提高PGC-1α和TFAM的表达.结论:TMP对OGD损伤的神经元具有神经保护作用,其机制可能与抗氧化,抗凋亡和增加线粒体生物合成相关因子(PGC-1α,TFAM)的表达有关.     

Single-trial decoding of imagined grip force parameters involving the right or left hand based on movement-related cortical potentials

Time–domain feature representation for imagined grip force movement-related cortical potentials(MRCP)of the right or left hand and the decoding of imagined grip force parameters based on electroencephalogram(EEG)activity recorded during a single trial were here investigated.EEG signals were acquired from eleven healthy subjects during four different imagined tasks performed with the right or left hand.Subjects were instructed to execute imagined grip movement at two different levels of force.Each task was executed 60 times in random order.The imagined grip force MRCP of the right or left hand was analyzed by superposition and averaging technology,a single-trial extraction method,analysis of variance(ANOVA),and multiple comparisons.Significantly different features were observed among different imagined grip force tasks.These differences were used to decode imagined grip force parameters using Fisher linear discrimination analysis based on kernel function(k-FLDA)and support vector machine(SVM).Under the proposed experimental paradigm,the study showed that MRCP may characterize the dynamic processing that takes place in the brain during the planning,execution,and precision of a given imagined grip force task.This means that features related to MRCP can be used to decode imagined grip force parameters based on EEG.ANOVA and multiple comparisons of time–domain features for MRCP showed that movement-monitoring potentials(MMP)and specific interval(0–150 ms)average potentials to be significantly different among 4 different imagined grip force tasks.The minimum peak negativity differed significantly between high and low amplitude grip force.Identification of the 4different imagined grip force tasks based on MMP was performed using k-FLDA and SVM,and the average misclassification rates of 27%±5%and 24%±4%across 11 subjects were achieved respectively.The minimum misclassification rate was 15%,and the average minimum misclassification rate across 11 subjects was24%±4.5%.This investigation indicates that imagined grip force MRCP may encode imagined grip force parameters.Single-trial decoding of imagined grip force parameters based on MRCP may be feasible.The study may provide some additional and fine control instructions for brain–computer interfaces.